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Visual Semantics

The overview below demonstrates the basic concept for the icons and symbols in LigandScout. It provides quick recognition for the meaning of the program controls.
Chemical feature
Multiple chemical features form a pharmacophore and are responsible for steric and functional chemical interactions between macromolecules and ligands. Chemical features always refer to the ligand side, but take the macromolecule geometry into account in many cases (e.g. hydrogen bond vectors, where the vector target points to the macromolecule counterpart).
Active Site
Represents the binding pocket in the macromolecule. It consists of a core (ligand molecule), an environment (surrounding residues of binding pocket) and potential chemical features.
Core
The ligand molecule without the surrounding standard residues (amino acids or nucleic acids).
Environment
The environment includes all macromolecule components (amino acids or nucleic acids) that LigandScout considers to be relevant for pharmacophore generation and thus biological interaction. A structure-based pharmacophore is always created based on interactions between core and environment. Molecules, such as co-factors, waters and ions can be moved between the two sides allowing different views of interactions to be reflected for pharmacophore generation. A ligand-based pharmacophore is generated considering only features of a ligand (set).
Pharmacophore
A pharmacophore is the set of chemical and steric interactions between a ligand and macromolecule that are relevant to trigger biological response.
Excluded Volume Spheres
Excluded volumes indicate areas which are sterically forbidden for the ligand (e.g. because of the presence of the protein backbone or a lipophilic interaction).
Atom
Bond
Molecule

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Page designed & authored by G. Wolber

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